Autophagy bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa n'ime sel anyị nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nche iji kpuchido ahụike anyị site n'ịkwatu ihe ochie, mebiri emebi na imegharị ha ka ọ bụrụ ume. Usoro a na-ehicha onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ahụike kachasị mma, igbochi ọrịa na ịgbatị ndụ. Ọ dabara nke ọma, enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi kwalite ma kpalite autophagy ka mkpụrụ ndụ anyị nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Okwu a na-akpọ autophagy, nke sitere na okwu Grik "auto" nke pụtara "onwe" na "phagy" nke pụtara iri nri, na-ezo aka na usoro cellular bụ isi nke na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ na-eweda ma megharịa akụkụ nke ha. Enwere ike iwere ya dị ka usoro nhicha onwe ya nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ahụike cellular na homeostasis.
N'ime ahụ anyị, ọtụtụ nde mkpụrụ ndụ na-enweta onwe ha mgbe niile iji wepụ protein ndị mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ nke ezighi ezi, akụkụ ahụ adịghị arụ ọrụ na irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ. Usoro a na-enyere aka igbochi nchịkọta nke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu ma na-enyere aka ịmegharị macromolecules, na-eme ka ọrụ cell rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.
usoro nke ime ihe
Ịme onwe onyena-arụ ọrụ site n'usoro usoro dị mgbagwoju anya na nke edoziri nke ọma. Usoro a na-amalite site n'ichebe ihe owuwu nwere akụkụ abụọ nke a na-akpọ autophagosomes, nke na-ekpuchi ihe ndị dị n'ime sel. Autophagosome ahụ na-ejikọta ya na lysosome, akụkụ ahụ pụrụ iche nke nwere enzymes dị iche iche, na-eduga na mmebi nke ọdịnaya ya.
Enwere isi ụdị atọ nke autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, na chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy gụnyere oke mmebi nke akụkụ cellular, ebe microautophagy na-agụnye mmịkọ cytoplasmic ozugbo site na lysosomes. N'aka nke ọzọ, chaperone-mediated autophagy na-ahọrọ ndị na-edozi protein maka mmebi.
Nkwado na nrịbama
A na-achịkwa nke ọma autophagy site n'ọtụtụ ụzọ mgbaàmà na nzaghachi nye nrụgide cellular dị iche iche, dị ka ụkọ nri, nrụgide oxidative, ọrịa na nchịkọta protein. Otu n'ime isi njikwa nke autophagy bụ ebumnuche mammalian nke rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase nke na-egbochi autophagy mgbe nri dị ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke mmachi nri, a na-egbochi mTOR mgbaàmà, na-eduga na ịgbalite autophagy.
1. Obu ọnụ nwa oge:
Site na ịmachi windo nri, ibu ọnụ na-adịte aka na-etinye ahụ ahụ n'ọnọdụ ogologo oge na-ebu ọnụ, na-akpali mkpụrụ ndụ iji ike echekwara wee malite autophagy.
2. Mmega ahụ:
Imega ahụ nke ọma ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka ahụ anyị dị mma, kamakwa ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpalite autophagy. Isonye na mmega ahụ nke ikuku na mmegide na-akpalite autophagy, na-akwalite ịsacha na imegharị ahụ na ọkwa cellular.
3. Mmachi kalori:
Na mgbakwunye na ibu ọnụ na-adịte aka, mgbochi caloric (CR) bụ ụzọ ọzọ egosipụtara maka ịkwalite autophagy. Site na ibelata oriri calorie gị n'ozuzu, CR na-amanye mkpụrụ ndụ gị ichekwa ume ma malite autophagy iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.
4. Nri ketogenic:
A na-akwalite ọrụ autophagic site na ịkpalite ketosis site na igbochi oke oriri carbohydrate yana ịba ụba abụba.
5. Nri bara ụba na phytochemicals:
Ụfọdụ ogige osisi, karịsịa ndị a na-ahụ na mkpụrụ osisi mara mma, akwụkwọ nri na ngwa nri, nwere ihe ndị na-akpalite autophagy.
6. Were ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche:
Enwere ike ịkpalite autophagy site n'ịgbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye autophagy na nri iji kwalite ahụike.
1. Green tii
Ọgaranya na ogige antioxidant dị ka catechin, tii tii ka amatala ogologo oge maka uru ahụike ya. Na mgbakwunye na ya nwere ike mbo mbuli metabolism na-akwado arọ ọnwụ, green tii ka e gosiri na ọ rụọ ọrụ autophagy. Polyphenols dị na tii tii na-eme ka ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-etinye aka na autophagy, nke na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi cellular na ọrụ.
2. Turmeric
Curcumin, ihe na-arụ ọrụ na turmeric na-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo, nwere ikike mgbochi mkpali na antioxidant Njirimara. Ọmụmụ ihe na-apụta egosila na curcumin nwekwara ike ịkpata autophagy site n'ime ka ụfọdụ ụzọ molekụla rụọ ọrụ. Ịtinye turmeric n'ime nri gị, ma site na isi nri ma ọ bụ dị ka mgbakwunye, nwere ike inye aka ijikwa ikike nke autophagy iji meziwanye ahụ ike.
3. Berberine
Nnyocha e mere na-enyocha berberine chọpụtara na ogige a nwekwara ike ịkpata autophagy. A na-ahụ Berberine na beri, osisi turmeric, na ụfọdụ herbs ndị ọzọ.
4. Tomato
Tomato dị ka blueberries, strawberries, na raspberries abụghị nanị na-atọ ụtọ, kama ọ nwere ihe ndị na-akwalite ahụ ike. Mkpụrụ osisi ndị a bara ụba na polyphenols, ogige ndị a maara iji kwalite autophagy. Site na iri ụdị mkpụrụ osisi dị ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ oyi kpọnwụrụ, ị nwere ike hụ na a na-enweta ogige osisi ndị a bara uru nke na-akwado usoro autophagy siri ike ma dị mma.
5. Akwụkwọ nri cruciferous
Akwụkwọ nri cruciferous, gụnyere broccoli, kọlịflawa, kale na Brussels pulite, nwere ọtụtụ ogige na-akwalite ahụike, dị ka sulforaphane na indole-3-carbinol. E gosipụtara ogige ndị a iji mee ka autophagy rụọ ọrụ ma gbochie mmebi cellular nke nrụgide oxidative kpatara. Ntinye nri nke akwụkwọ nri cruciferous dị iche iche ọ bụghị naanị na-enye nri ndị dị mkpa kamakwa na-akwalite ntinye nke autophagy.
1. Curcumin
Curcumin, ihe na-arụ ọrụ na turmeric, ejiriwo ogologo oge kpọrọ ihe maka mgbochi mkpali na antioxidant Njirimara. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosikwa na curcumin nwere ike ịkpata autophagy, nke na-eme ka ahụ ike cellular dịkwuo mma. Curcumin na-arụ ọrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kpọmkwem na ụzọ akara aka na-etinye aka na nhazi nke autophagy. Ikike ya ịkwalite autophagy nwere ike ịbara ọrịa dị iche iche metụtara nrụgide oxidative na arụ ọrụ cellular.
2. Berberine
Berberine bụ ihe sitere n'okike dị n'ụdị osisi dị iche iche, gụnyere barberry na goldenseal. Mgbakwunye botanical a dị ike ka a mụọla nke ọma maka mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ya na ọnọdụ dị iche iche, gụnyere nsogbu metabolic. Achọpụtakwara Berberine na-ebute autophagy site n'ịgbanwe okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara autophagy. Site na ịgbakwunye berberine, ị nwere ike ịkwalite autophagy ma melite ahụike cellular, karịsịa ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ahụ ike.
3. Spermidine
Spermidine (spermidine) bụ obere ihe molekụla nke dị na sel. Nnyocha achọpụtala na enwere mmekọrịta chiri anya n'etiti spermidine na autophagy. Spermidine nwere ike ime ka ụzọ autophagy rụọ ọrụ ma kwalite autophagy. Nnyocha egosiwo na spermidine nwere ike ime ka okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara autophagy dịkwuo elu ma kwalite autophagy site na ịhazi ọkwa nke protein ndị metụtara autophagy. Na mgbakwunye, spermidine nwekwara ike ịgbalite autophagy site na igbochi ụzọ akara mTOR.
Disclaimer: Edemede a bụ maka ebumnuche ozi naanị na e kwesịghị ịtụle ndụmọdụ ahụike. Gakwuru onye ọkachamara ahụike mgbe niile tupu i jiri mgbakwunye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ gbanwee usoro nlekọta ahụike gị.
Oge nzipu: Sep-01-2023
