Kedu ka magnesium dị mkpa, otu n'ime mineral ndị kacha mkpa? Gịnị bụ mmetụta ahụ ike nke ụkọ magnesium?

Magnesium bụ mineral nke anọ kachasị n'ime ahụ, na-esote calcium, potassium na sodium. Ihe a bụ ihe na-akpata ihe karịrị usoro enzyme 600 ma na-achịkwa mmeghachi omume biochemical dị iche iche n'ime ahụ, gụnyere njikọ protein, na akwara na ọrụ akwara. Ahụ nwere ihe dịka 21 ruo 28 grams nke magnesium; A na-etinye 60% n'ime anụ ahụ na ezé, 20% na mọzụlụ, 20% na anụ ahụ dị nro na imeju ndị ọzọ, na ihe na-erughị 1% na-ekesa n'ọbara.

99% nke ngụkọta magnesium dị na sel (intracellular) ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ, na 1% dị na oghere extracellular. Enweghi nri magnesium zuru oke nwere ike ibute nsogbu ahụike yana ịbawanye ohere nke ọtụtụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, dị ka osteoporosis, ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, na ọrịa obi.

Magnesiumna-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism ike na usoro cellular

Iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ nwere molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate) nwere ume. ATP na-ebute ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume biochemical site na ịhapụ ike echekwara na otu triphosphate ya. Ikpochapụ otu ma ọ bụ abụọ phosphate otu na-emepụta ADP ma ọ bụ AMP. A na-emegharị ADP na AMP n'ime ATP, usoro na-eme ọtụtụ puku ugboro n'ụbọchị. Magnesium (Mg2+) jikọtara na ATP dị mkpa maka ịkụda ATP iji nweta ume.

Ihe karịrị 600 enzymes chọrọ magnesium dị ka onye na-akwado ya, gụnyere enzymes niile na-emepụta ma ọ bụ na-eri ATP na enzymes na-etinye aka na njikọ nke: DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, antioxidants (dị ka glutathione), immunoglobulins, na prostate Sudu gụnyere. Magnesium na-ekere òkè n'ịrụ ọrụ enzymes na catalyzing enzymatic reactions.

Ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke magnesium

Magnesium dị oké mkpa maka njikọ na ọrụ nke "ndị ozi nke abụọ" dị ka: cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), n'ịhụ na a na-ebufe ihe mgbaàmà sitere n'èzí n'ime cell, dị ka ndị sitere na hormones na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-anọpụ iche na-ejikọta na elu cell . Nke a na-enyere aka nkwurịta okwu n'etiti sel.

Magnesium na-ekere òkè na okirikiri cell na apoptosis. Magnesium na-eme ka akụkụ sel dị ka DNA, RNA, membranes cell, na ribosomes guzosie ike.

Magnesium na-etinye aka na nhazi nke calcium, potassium na sodium homeostasis (electrolyte itule) site na ịgbalite mgbapụta ATP / ATPase, si otú ahụ na-eme ka njem nke electrolytes na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ sel na itinye aka nke ike akpụkpọ ahụ (voltage transmembrane).

Magnesium bụ ihe na-emegide calcium physiological antagonist. Magnesium na-akwalite izu ike nke anụ ahụ, ebe calcium (tinyere potassium) na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ (ahụ ike skeletal, akwara obi, akwara dị nro). Magnesium na-egbochi excitability nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, ebe calcium na-abawanye mkpali nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. Magnesium na-egbochi mkpụkọ ọbara, ebe calcium na-eme ka mkpụkọ ọbara rụọ ọrụ. Ntinye uche nke magnesium n'ime sel dị elu karịa n'èzí sel; nke dị iche bụ eziokwu maka calcium.

Magnesium dị na sel na-ahụ maka metabolism cell, nkwurịta okwu cell, thermoregulation (nhazi okpomọkụ nke ahụ), nguzozi electrolyte, nnyefe nke mkpali akwara, ụda obi, usoro ọbara mgbali elu, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, usoro endocrine na nhazi ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara. Magnesium echekwara na ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nchekwa magnesium ma bụrụ ihe na-achọpụta àgwà anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ: calcium na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ sie ike ma kwụsie ike, ebe magnesium na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mgbanwe ụfọdụ, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ kwụsịlata.

Magnesium nwere mmetụta na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ: Magnesium na-eme ka calcium na-eme ka calcium dị n'ime anụ ahụ ma na-egbochi calcium n'ime anụ ahụ dị nro (site n'ịbawanye ọkwa calcitonin), na-eme ka alkaline phosphatase rụọ ọrụ (nke a chọrọ maka ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ), ma na-akwalite ọganihu ọkpụkpụ.

Magnesium na nri anaghị ezughị oke

Ebe dị mma nke magnesium na-agụnye ọka zuru oke, akwụkwọ nri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ, mkpo, chocolate gbara ọchịchịrị, chlorella na spirulina. Mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-esokwa na-enye magnesium. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nri (anaghị edozi ya) nwere magnesium, mgbanwe na mmepụta nri na omume iri nri na-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị na-eri ihe na-erughị ego magnesium na-eri nri. Depụta ọdịnaya magnesium nke ụfọdụ nri:

1. Mkpụrụ ugu nwere 424 mg kwa gram 100.

2. Mkpụrụ osisi Chia nwere 335 mg kwa gram 100.

3. Akwụkwọ nri nwere 79 mg kwa gram 100.

4. Broccoli nwere 21 mg kwa gram 100.

5. Kọlịflawa nwere 18 mg kwa gram 100.

6. Ube oyibo nwere 25 mg kwa gram 100.

7. Mkpụrụ osisi pine, 116 mg kwa 100 g

8. Almọnd nwere 178 mg kwa gram 100.

9. Chocolate gbara ọchịchịrị ( koko> 70%) nwere 174 mg kwa gram 100.

10. Hazelnut kernels, nwere 168 mg kwa 100 g

11. Pecans, 306 mg kwa 100 g

12. Kale, nwere 18 mg kwa gram 100

13. Kelp, nwere 121 mg kwa gram 100

Tupu nrụpụta ọrụ, a na-eme atụmatụ oriri magnesium na 475 ruo 500 mg kwa ụbọchị (ihe dị ka 6 mg / kg / ụbọchị); oriri taa bụ narị mg obere.

A na-atụ aro ka ndị okenye na-eri 1000-1200 mg nke calcium kwa ụbọchị, nke bụ ihe achọrọ kwa ụbọchị nke 500-600 mg nke magnesium. Ọ bụrụ na abawanyela oriri calcium (dịka ọmụmaatụ iji gbochie osteoporosis), a ga-edozikwa oriri magnesium. N'ezie, ọtụtụ ndị toro eto na-eri ihe na-erughị ego magnesium akwadoro site na nri ha.

Ihe ịrịba ama enwere ike nke erughi Magnesium Ọkwa dị ala nke magnesium nwere ike bute ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike yana enweghị ahaghị nhata electrolyte. Enweghị ụkọ magnesium na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike itinye aka na mmepe ma ọ bụ ọganihu nke ọtụtụ ọrịa (ọ bara ọgaranya):

mgbaàmà ụkọ magnesium

Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịbụ ụkọ magnesium na-amaghịdị ya. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ isi mgbaàmà ị ga-elele maka nke nwere ike igosi ma ị nwere ụkọ:

1. Ụkwụ ụkwụ

70% nke ndị okenye na 7% nke ụmụaka na-enwe ahụ mgbu ụkwụ. N'ịtụgharị, mgbakasị ụkwụ ụkwụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe karịrị naanị mkpasu iwe-ha nwekwara ike na-egbu mgbu! N'ihi ọrụ magnesium na mgbama neuromuscular na mkpụkọ akwara, ndị nchọpụta achọpụtala na ụkọ magnesium na-abụkarị ihe kpatara ya.

Ndị ọkachamara ahụike na-abawanye ụba na-edepụta ihe mgbakwunye magnesium iji nyere ndị ọrịa ha aka. Ọrịa ụkwụ na-ezu ike bụ ihe ịdọ aka ná ntị ọzọ nke ụkọ magnesium. Iji merie mgbakasị ụkwụ na ọrịa ụkwụ na-enweghị izu ike, ịkwesịrị ịbawanye oriri magnesium na potassium gị.

2. ehighị ụra nke ọma

Enweghị ụkọ magnesium na-abụkarị ihe na-ebute nsogbu ihi ụra dị ka nchekasị, ime ihe ike, na enweghị izu ike. Ụfọdụ na-eche na nke a bụ n'ihi na magnesium dị mkpa maka ọrụ nke GABA, onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ụbụrụ na-eme ka ahụ dị jụụ na-eme ka ụbụrụ dị jụụ ma na-akwalite ntụrụndụ.
Inweta ihe dị ka 400 mg nke magnesium tupu ị lakpuo ụra ma ọ bụ nri abalị bụ oge kacha mma n'ụbọchị iji were mgbakwunye ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, ịgbakwunye nri nwere magnesium na nri abalị gị - dị ka inine nwere nnukwu nri - nwere ike inye aka.

3. Mgbu akwara / fibromyalgia

Otu nnyocha e bipụtara na Magnesium Research nyochara ọrụ magnesium na mgbaàmà fibromyalgia wee chọpụta na ịba ụba nke magnesium na-ebelata ihe mgbu na ịdị nro ma na-emeziwanye ihe nrịbama ọbara na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa autoimmune, ọmụmụ ihe a kwesịrị ịgba ndị ọrịa fibromyalgia ume ka ọ na-egosipụta mmetụta usoro ihe mgbakwunye magnesium nwere ike inwe na ahụ.

4. Nchegbu

Ebe ọ bụ na ụkọ magnesium na-emetụta usoro nhụjuanya nke etiti, yana kpọmkwem usoro GABA n'ime ahụ, mmetụta ndị nwere ike ịgụnye mgbakasị ahụ na ụjọ. Ka ụkọ ahụ na-akawanye njọ, ọ nwere ike ịkpata oke nchegbu na, n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ịda mbà n'obi na ịhụ anya.
N'ezie, egosiri na magnesium na-enyere aka mee ka ahụ dị jụụ, mọzụlụ, ma nyere aka melite ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ mineral dị mkpa maka ọnọdụ zuru oke. Otu ihe m na-akwado ndị ọrịa m nwere nchekasị oge na-aga ma ha ahụla nnukwu nsonaazụ bụ ịṅụ magnesium kwa ụbọchị.
Magnesium dị mkpa maka ọrụ ekwentị ọ bụla site na eriri afọ ruo ụbụrụ, yabụ na ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ọ na-emetụta ọtụtụ sistemu.

5. Ọbara mgbali elu

Magnesium na-arụ ọrụ synergistically na calcium iji kwado ọbara mgbali kwesịrị ekwesị ma chebe obi. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-erughị magnesium, ị na-enwekwa obere calcium na-enwekarị ọbara mgbali elu, ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu.
Nnyocha nke metụtara ndị sonyere 241,378 e bipụtara na American Journal of Clinical Nutrition chọpụtara na nri dị elu na nri magnesium belatara ohere nke ọrịa strok site na pasent 8. Nke a dị mkpa n'ịtụle na ọbara mgbali elu na-akpata 50% nke ọrịa strok ischemic n'ụwa.

6. Ụdị ọrịa shuga II

Otu n'ime isi ihe anọ kpatara ụkọ magnesium bụ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, mana ọ bụkwa ihe mgbaàmà nkịtị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị nchọpụta Britain chọpụtara na n'ime ndị okenye 1,452 ha nyochara, ọkwa magnesium dị ala ji okpukpu 10 karịa ndị nwere ọrịa shuga ọhụrụ na ugboro 8.6 karịa ndị nwere ọrịa shuga a maara.
Dị ka a tụrụ anya site na data a, egosila na nri nwere magnesium bara ụba na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nke ọma n'ihi ọrụ magnesium na-arụ na metabolism glucose. Nnyocha ọzọ chọpụtara na ịgbakwụnye mgbakwunye magnesium (100 mg kwa ụbọchị) belatara ohere nke ọrịa shuga site na 15%

7. Ike ọgwụgwụ

Ike dị ala, adịghị ike, na ike ọgwụgwụ bụ ihe mgbaàmà nkịtị nke ụkọ magnesium. Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ọrịa ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala enweghịkwa magnesium. Mahadum nke Maryland Medical Center na-akọ na 300-1,000 mg nke magnesium kwa ụbọchị nwere ike inye aka, mana ị ga-akpachara anya n'ihi na oke magnesium nwekwara ike ịkpata afọ ọsịsa. (9)
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-enweta mmetụta a, ị nwere ike belata dose gị ruo mgbe mmetụta ndị ahụ kwụsịrị.

8. Migraine

Ejikọtala ụkọ magnesium na migraines n'ihi mkpa ọ dị n'ịhazi neurotransmitters n'ime ahụ. Ihe omumu nke kpuru okpukpu abuo, nke a na-achịkwa ebebo na-egosi na iri 360-600 mg nke magnesium kwa ụbọchị nwere ike ibelata ugboro nke migraines site na 42%.

9. Osteoporosis

Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ahụ Ike Mba na-akọ na "nkezi ahụ mmadụ nwere ihe dị ka gram 25 nke magnesium, ihe dị ka ọkara n'ime ya dị n'ọkpụkpụ." Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta nke a, karịsịa maka ndị okenye ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ maka ọkpụkpụ na-agbaji agbaji.
Obi dị m ụtọ na e nwere olileanya! Nnyocha e bipụtara na Trace Element Research in Biology chọpụtara na mgbakwunye magnesium "n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama" belatara mmepe osteoporosis ka ụbọchị 30 gachara. Na mgbakwunye na ịṅụ ihe mgbakwunye magnesium, ị ga-achọkwa ịtụle ị nwetakwu vitamin D3 na K2 iji mee ka ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ dịkwuo elu.

Ihe ize ndụ maka ụkọ magnesium

Ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ibute ụkọ magnesium:

Nri magnesium dị obere:

Mmasị maka nri edoziri, ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, anorexia, ịka nká.

Mbelata nnabata eriri afọ ma ọ bụ malabsorption nke magnesium:

Ihe ndị nwere ike ime gụnyere afọ ọsịsa ogologo oge, ọgbụgbọ, ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, mbelata mmepụta acid afọ, oke calcium ma ọ bụ potassium oriri, nri nwere abụba juru eju, ịka nká, ụkọ vitamin D, na ikpughe na ọla dị arọ (aluminom, lead, cadmium).

Mmụba magnesium na-eme na tract gastrointestinal (karịsịa na eriri afọ) site na mgbasa ozi (paracellular) na-arụ ọrụ site na ion channel TRPM6. Mgbe ị na-ewere 300 mg nke magnesium kwa ụbọchị, ọnụego nnabata sitere na 30% ruo 50%. Mgbe oriri magnesium na-eri nri dị ala ma ọ bụ serum magnesium na ọkwa dị ala, enwere ike imezi mmịnye magnesium site na ịba ụba nke magnesium na-arụ ọrụ site na 30-40% ruo 80%.

Ọ ga-ekwe omume na ụfọdụ ndị nwere usoro njem na-arụ ọrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma ("ikike absorptive na-adịghị mma") ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu ( erughi magnesium bụ isi). Ntinye nke magnesium na-adabere n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na mgbasa ozi na-agafe agafe (10-30% absorption), ya mere ụkọ magnesium nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na ị nweta magnesium ezughị ezu maka iji ya.

Mmụba nke akụrụ magnesium excretion

Ihe ndị nwere ike ime gụnyere ịka nká, nchekasị na-adịghị ala ala, ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, ọrịa metabolic, oke oriri nke calcium, kọfị, ihe ọṅụṅụ dị nro, nnu, na shuga.
Mkpebi nke ụkọ magnesium

Enweghị ụkọ magnesium na-ezo aka na mbelata mkpokọta magnesium n'ime ahụ. Enweghị ụkọ magnesium bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ọbụlagodi na ndị nwere ụdị ndụ ahụike dị mma, mana a na-elegharakarị ha anya. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ enweghị akara ngosi (pathological) nke ụkọ magnesium nke nwere ike ịmata ozugbo.

Naanị 1% nke magnesium dị n'ọbara, 70% dị n'ụdị ionic ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na oxalate, phosphate ma ọ bụ citrate, na 20% jikọtara ya na protein.

Nnwale ọbara (extracellular magnesium, magnesium na ọbara ọbara uhie) adịghị mma maka ịghọta ọnọdụ magnesium n'ime ahụ (ọkpụkpụ, mọzụlụ, anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ). Enweghị ụkọ magnesium anaghị esonye mgbe niile yana mbelata ọkwa magnesium n'ọbara (hypomagnesemia); nwere ike ịbụ na a tọhapụrụ magnesium site na ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ iji mee ka ọkwa ọbara dị mma.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, hypomagnesemia na-eme mgbe ọnọdụ magnesium dị mma. Ọbara magnesium na-adabere n'ụzọ bụ isi na nguzozi n'etiti oriri magnesium (nke dabere na ọdịnaya magnesium na-eri nri na mmịnye eriri afọ) na nsị magnesium.

Mgbanwe nke magnesium n'etiti ọbara na anụ ahụ na-adị ngwa ngwa. Ọbara magnesium n'ọkwa na-anọkarị n'ime ebe dị warara: mgbe ọkwa magnesium serum dara, mmịnye nke eriri afọ magnesium na-abawanye, na mgbe ọkwa magnesium serum na-ebili, excretion renal magnesium na-abawanye.

Ọbara magnesium dị n'okpuru uru ntụaka (0.75 mmol/l) nwere ike ịpụta na mmịnye magnesium nke eriri afọ dị oke ala maka akụrụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ nke ọma, ma ọ bụ na ụbara magnesium excretion nke gbasara akụrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ site na mmịnye magnesium dị mma karị. A na-akwụ ụgwọ eriri afọ eriri afọ.

Ọkwa magnesium dị ala na-apụtakarị na ụkọ magnesium adịla ogologo oge ma na-achọ mgbakwunye magnesium n'oge. Ntụle nke magnesium na serum, mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, na mmamịrị bara uru; Usoro nhọrọ dị ugbu a maka ịchọpụta mkpokọta magnesium zuru oke bụ ule ntinye ntinye magnesium (n'ime eriri afọ). N'ime ule nrụgide, a na-enye 30 mmol nke magnesium (1 mmol = 24 mg) nke nta nke nta n'ime intravenously karịa awa 8 ruo 12, a na-atụkwa mpụ magnesium na mmamịrị n'ime awa 24.

N'ihe banyere (ma ọ bụ nke dị n'okpuru) ụkọ magnesium, excretion renal magnesium na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ndị nwere ọnọdụ magnesium dị mma ga-apụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 90% nke magnesium na mmamịrị ha n'ime oge awa 24; Ọ bụrụ na ha erughi eru, a ga-ewepụ ihe na-erughị 75% nke magnesium n'ime awa 24.

Ọkwa magnesium dị na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie bụ ihe na-egosi ọkwa magnesium ka mma karịa ọkwa magnesium serum. N'ime ọmụmụ nke ndị toro eto, ọ dịghị onye nwere ọkwa magnesium dị ala, mana 57% nke isiokwu nwere ọkwa magnesium dị ala ọbara ọbara ọbara. Ntụle nke magnesium n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie dịkwa obere ihe ọmụma karịa nyocha nrụgide magnesium: dị ka ule nrụgide magnesium si dị, naanị 60% nke ụkọ magnesium ka achọpụtara.

ihe mgbakwunye magnesium

Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa magnesium gị dị obere, ị ga-ebu ụzọ meziwanye usoro iri nri gị ma rie nri ndị nwere nnukwu magnesium.

Organomagnesium ogige dị kamagnesium taurate naMagnesium L-threonatena-mma etinye obi gị dum. Magnesium threonate nke ejikọtara n'ụzọ anụ ahụ na-etinye uche na-agbanweghị agbanwe site na mucosa eriri afọ tupu magnesium agbajie. Nke a pụtara na nnabata ga-adị ngwa ngwa ma ghara igbochi ya site na enweghị acid afọ ma ọ bụ mineral ndị ọzọ dị ka calcium.

Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ

Mmanya na-aba n'anya nwere ike ịkpata ụkọ magnesium. Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ na-egosi na mgbakwunye magnesium na-egbochi vasospasm nke ethanol kpatara na mmebi nke arịa ọbara na ụbụrụ. N'oge mwepu mmanya na-aba n'anya, ịba ụba nke magnesium nwere ike ime ka ehighị ụra nke ọma belata ma belata ọkwa GGT serum (serum gamma-glutamyl transferase bụ ihe na-egosi adịghị arụ ọrụ imeju yana akara nke ịṅụ mmanya).