Kedu ihe mmetụta anwansi na ọrụ nke urolithin A? Kedu ngwaahịa agbakwunyere

 Urolitin A bụ ihe dị mkpa bioactive nke a na-ejikarị na ọgwụ na nlekọta ahụike. Ọ bụ enzyme nke akụrụ na-emepụta nke ọma ma nwee ọrụ nke ịgbari mkpụkọ ọbara. Mmetụta anwansi na ọrụ nke Urolitin A na-egosipụtakarị n'akụkụ ndị a.

Urolitin A na-egbochi mmebi akwara

1. Kwalite njikọ protein muscle ma mee ka ụzọ akara mTOR rụọ ọrụ

Ebumnuche mammalian nke ụzọ akara rapamycin (mTOR) bụ ụzọ bụ isi maka ịhazi njikọ protein muscle. Urolitin A nwere ike mee ka ụzọ akara mTOR rụọ ọrụ ma kwalite njikọ protein na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara.

mTOR nwere ike ịhụ akara dị ka nri na ihe uto na mkpụrụ ndụ. Mgbe arụ ọrụ ya, ọ ga-amalite usoro nke ụmụ irighiri ihe nrịbama ala, dị ka protein ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1) na eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Urolithin A na-arụ ọrụ mTOR, phosphorylating S6K1 na 4E-BP1, si otú ahụ na-akwalite nsụgharị mRNA na mgbakọ ribosome, na-eme ka njikọ protein dịkwuo elu.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nnwale nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara dị na vitro, mgbe agbakwunyere urolithin A, a hụrụ na ọkwa phosphorylation nke mTOR na ụmụ irighiri ihe nrịbama ya na-abawanye, na ngosipụta nke ihe nrịbama protein protein muscle (dị ka myosin heavy chain) mụbara.
Na-ahazi okwu ihe ntụgharị ederede akọwapụtara maka akwara

Urolitin A nwere ike ịhazi okwu nke ihe odide ederede akọwapụtara nke dị mkpa maka njikọ protein muscle na ọdịiche mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike imeziwanye nkwupụta nke myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) na myogenin.

MyoD na Myogenin nwere ike ịkwalite ọdịiche nke sel steepụ akwara n'ime sel anụ ahụ ma mee ka ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa akọwapụtara akwara, si otú ahụ na-akwalite njikọ protein muscle. N'ime ụdị atrophy muscle, mgbe ọgwụgwọ urolithin A gasịrị, nkwupụta nke MyoD na Myogenin mụbara, nke na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike ma gbochie nkwụsị ahụ.

2. Na-egbochi mmebi protein muscle ma gbochie ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)

UPS bụ otu n'ime ụzọ bụ isi maka mmebi protein muscle. N'oge atrophy muscle, ụfọdụ E3 ubiquitin ligases, dị ka muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx) na muscle RING mkpịsị aka protein 1 (MuRF1), na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike ịkpado protein protein na ubiquitin wee mebie ha site na proteasome.

Urolitin A nwere ike igbochi okwu na ọrụ nke ndị a E3 ubiquitin ligases. Na nnwale ụdị anụmanụ, urolithin A nwere ike ibelata ọkwa nke MAFbx na MuRF1, belata akara nbibi nke protein muscle, si otú a na-egbochi mmebi protein muscle mediated UPS ma na-egbochi ike ahụ nke ọma.

Mgbanwe nke sistemu autophagy-lysosomal (ALS)

ALS na-ekere òkè na mmeghari nke protein muscle na organelles, mana imebiga ihe ókè nwekwara ike iduga atrophy muscle. Urolithin A nwere ike ịhazi ALS n'ọkwa ezi uche dị na ya. Ọ nwere ike igbochi oke autophagy ma gbochie oke mmebi nke protein akwara.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, urolithin A nwere ike ịhazi okwu nke protein ndị metụtara autophagy (dị ka LC3-II), ka o wee nwee ike ịnọgide na-enwe homeostasis nke gburugburu sel anụ ahụ ma na-ezere ikpochapụ oke nke protein protein, si otú a na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ike.

3. Meziwanye ike metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara

Mkpụkpọ akwara na-achọ ike dị ukwuu, na mitochondria bụ isi ebe a na-emepụta ike. Urolitin A nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ nke mitochondria cell muscle ma melite arụmọrụ mmepụta ume. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite mitochondrial biogenesis ma mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ mitochondria.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, urolithin A nwere ike ịgbalite peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1a (PGC-1α), nke bụ isi nchịkwa nke mitochondrial biogenesis, na-akwalite mmegharị DNA mitochondrial na njikọ protein metụtara ya. N'otu oge ahụ, urolithin A nwekwara ike melite ọrụ nke mitochondrial respiratory chain, mụbaa njikọ nke adenosine triphosphate (ATP), na-enye ume zuru oke maka mkpụkọ akwara, ma belata mbelata nke anụ ahụ nke enweghị ike zuru oke.

Na-achịkwa shuga na lipid metabolism ma na-akwado ọrụ akwara

Urolitin A nwere ike ịhazi glucose na lipid metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. N'ihe banyere metabolism nke glucose, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite nnabata na ojiji nke glucose site na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, yana hụ na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara nwere ike zuru oke site na ịgbalite ụzọ mgbaàmà insulin ma ọ bụ ụzọ mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ metụtara glucose.

N'ihe gbasara metabolism lipid, urolithin A nwere ike ịkwalite oxidation fatty acid, na-enye ihe ọzọ na-enye ume maka mkpụkọ akwara. Site n'ịkwalite glucose na lipid metabolism, urolithin A na-edobe ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara ma na-enyere aka igbochi ọdịda akwara.

Urolitin A na-eme ka metabolism dịkwuo elu

1. Mezie shuga metabolism ma melite mmetụta insulin
Urolitin A nwere ike ime ka mmetụta insulin dịkwuo elu, nke dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke shuga ọbara. Ọ nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị na ụzọ mgbaàmà insulin, dị ka protein ndị na-anabata insulin (IRS).

N'ọnọdụ nke nguzogide insulin, a na-egbochi tyrosine phosphorylation nke protein IRS, na-ebute ọdịda nke ụzọ akara phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) nke dị n'okpuru ala ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na nzaghachi sel na insulin na-ebelata.

Urolithin A nwere ike ịkwalite tyrosine phosphorylation nke protein IRS, si otú a na-eme ka ụzọ akara PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt), na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ nwee ike ịmịkọrọ na iji glucose. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nnwale ụdị anụmanụ, mgbe nchịkwa nke urolithin A gasịrị, mmetụta nke akwara na anụ ahụ adipose na insulin na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na-achịkwa ọkwa shuga ọbara nke ọma.

Na-achịkwa njikọ glycogen na mmebi

Glycogen bụ isi ụdị nchekwa glucose n'ime ahụ, echekwara nke ọma na imeju na anụ ahụ. Urolithin A nwere ike ịhazi njikọ na ire ere nke glycogen. Ọ nwere ike ịgbalite glycogen synthase, na-akwalite njikọ nke glycogen, ma mee ka nchekwa glycogen dịkwuo elu.

N'otu oge ahụ, urolithin A nwekwara ike igbochi ọrụ nke glycogenolytic enzymes, dị ka glycogen phosphorylase, na ibelata ego nke glycogen rere ure n'ime glucose ma wepụta n'ime ọbara. Nke a na-enyere aka mee ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara kwụsie ike ma gbochie mgbanwe dị ukwuu na shuga ọbara. N'ime ihe ọmụmụ ụdị ọrịa shuga, mgbe ọgwụgwọ urolithin A gasịrị, ọdịnaya glycogen dị na imeju na mọzụlụ mụbara, na-eme ka njikwa shuga dị n'ọbara dịkwuo mma.

2. Na-ebuli lipid metabolism ma gbochie njikọ nke fatty acid

Urolitin A nwere mmetụta mgbochi na usoro njikọ lipid. Na imeju na adipose anụ ahụ, ọ nwere ike igbochi isi enzymes na fatty acid njikọ, dị ka fatty acid synthase (FAS) na acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

FAS na ACC bụ enzymes nchịkwa dị mkpa na njikọ de novo nke fatty acids. Urolithin A nwere ike ibelata njikọ nke fatty acids site na igbochi ọrụ ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụdị imeju abụba abụba na-ebute site na nri nwere oke abụba, urolithin A nwere ike ibelata ọrụ FAS na ACC n'ime imeju, belata njikọ nke triglycerides, wee si otú a belata mkpokọta lipid na imeju.

Na-akwalite oxidation fatty acid

Na mgbakwunye na igbochi njikọ abụba abụba, urolithin A nwekwara ike ịkwalite mbelata oxidative nke fatty acids. Ọ nwere ike ịgbalite ụzọ mgbaàmà na enzymes metụtara fatty acid oxidation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1).

CPT-1 bụ isi enzyme na fatty acid β-oxidation, nke na-ahụ maka ibufe acid fatty na mitochondria maka ire ere oxidative. Urolithin A na-akwalite β-oxidation nke fatty acids site na ịgbalite CPT-1, na-abawanye oriri ike abụba, na-enyere aka belata nchekwa abụba anụ ahụ, ma na-emezi metabolism lipid.

3. Meziwanye ike metabolism ma kwalite ọrụ mitochondrial

Mitochondria bụ "ụlọ ọrụ ike" nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na urolithin A nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ mitochondria. Ọ nwere ike ịchịkwa mitochondrial biogenesis ma kwalite njikọ mitochondrial na mmeghari ohuru. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike rụọ ọrụ gamma coactivator-1a (PGC-1a) nke na-eme ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ka peroxisome proliferator rụọ ọrụ.

PGC-1a bụ isi nchịkwa nke mitochondrial biogenesis, nke nwere ike ịkwalite mmegharị nke DNA mitochondrial na njikọ nke protein ndị metụtara mitochondrial. Urolithin A na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ na ịdịmma nke mitochondria ma na-eme ka nrụpụta ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị mma site na ịgbalite PGC-1a. N'otu oge ahụ, urolithin A nwekwara ike melite ọrụ agbụ ume iku ume nke mitochondria ma mee ka njikọ nke adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dịkwuo elu.

4. Na-ahazi nhazigharị ihe nke metabolic cellular

Urolitin A nwere ike iduzi sel ka ha na-emegharị usoro metabolic, na-eme ka metabolism nke cell na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. N'okpuru ụfọdụ nrụgide ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọrịa, usoro metabolic nke sel nwere ike gbanwee, na-ebute mbelata nrụpụta ike na mmepụta ihe.

Urolithin A nwere ike ịhazi ụzọ mgbama metabolic na sel, dị ka ụzọ akara AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK bụ "ihe mmetụta" nke metabolism ike cell. Mgbe urolithin A na-arụ ọrụ AMPK, ọ nwere ike ime ka mkpụrụ ndụ gbanwee site na anabolism gaa na catabolism, na-eme ka ike na nri na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọrụ metabolic zuru ezu.

Ngwa nke urolithin A abụghị naanị na ngalaba ahụike. Ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enweta nlebara anya na ngwaahịa ahụike na ihe ịchọ mma. A na-agbakwunye Urolitin A n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ahụike iji kwalite ọgụ, melite mgbasa ọbara na ịkwalite metabolism. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-abụkarị n'ụdị capsules, mbadamba nkume ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri, nke dabara maka mkpa nke otu dị iche iche nke ndị mmadụ.

N'ebe ịchọ mma, a na-eji urolithin A eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwaahịa nlekọta anụ ahụ n'ihi mmụba cell na ihe mgbochi ịka nká. Ọ nwere ike melite mgbasa ọbara na akpụkpọ ahụ ma kwalite njikọ nke collagen, si otú ahụ na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo mma na radiance. Ọtụtụ ụdị nlekọta anụ ahụ dị elu amalitela iji urolithin A dị ka isi ihe na-emepụta ihe mgbochi ịka nká, nrụzi na mmiri mmiri iji zute nchụso ndị ahịa na-achụ anụ mara mma.

N'ikpeazụ, dị ka ihe bioactive nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ, urolithin A egosila atụmanya ngwa ngwa na ngalaba ọgwụ, nlekọta ahụike na ịma mma. Site na omimi nke nyocha sayensị, mpaghara ngwa ngwa nke urolithin A ga-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, na-enye ọtụtụ nhọrọ maka ahụike na ịma mma ndị mmadụ.