Top 5 Mgbochi ịka nká: Kedu nke ka mma na imelite ahụike Mitochondrial?

A na-akpọkarị Mitochondria "ọdụ ọkụ" nke cell, okwu na-emesi ike ọrụ ha dị oke mkpa na mmepụta ume. Obere akụkụ ahụ ndị a dị oke mkpa maka usoro cellular na-enweghị atụ, na mkpa ha gbatịrị karịa mmepụta ike. Enwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye dị nwere ike melite ahụike mitochondrial nke ọma. Ka anyị lee!

Ọdịdị nke mitochondria

Mitochondria bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'etiti organelles cell n'ihi nhazi ha nwere okpukpu abụọ. Akpụkpọ ahụ dị n'elu dị nro ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi n'etiti cytoplasm na gburugburu ime nke mitochondria. Otú ọ dị, intima na-akpụ akpụ nke ukwuu, na-akpụ apịaji a na-akpọ cristae. Ndị a cristae na-abawanye ebe elu dị maka mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, nke dị oke mkpa maka ọrụ nke organelle.

N'ime akpụkpọ ahụ dị n'ime bụ mitochondrial matrix, ihe gel dị ka ihe nwere enzymes, DNA mitochondrial (mtDNA), na ribosomes. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ, mitochondria nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ha, nke eketara site na eriri nne. Akụkụ pụrụ iche a na-eme ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenye na mitochondria sitere na nje bacteria symbiotic oge ochie.

Mitochondrial ọrụ

1. mmepụta ike

Ọrụ bụ isi nke mitochondria bụ imepụta adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ego bụ isi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ike. Usoro a, nke a na-akpọ oxidative phosphorylation, na-apụta na akpụkpọ ahụ dị n'ime ma na-agụnye usoro mgbagwoju anya nke mmeghachi omume biochemical. Anya ụgbọ njem elektrọn (ETC) na ATP synthase bụ ndị isi egwuregwu na usoro a.

(1) Electron transport chain (ETC): ETC bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya protein na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ agbakwunyere na akpụkpọ ahụ dị n'ime. A na-ebufe elektrọn site na ogige ndị a, na-ahapụ ike nke a na-eji na-agbapụta protons (H+) site na matrix n'ime oghere intermembrane. Nke a na-emepụta gradient electrochemical, nke a makwaara dị ka proton motive force.

(2) ATP synthase: ATP synthase bụ enzyme nke na-eji ike echekwara na proton ebumnobi ike synthesize ATP si adenosine diphosphate (ADP) na inorganic phosphate (Pi). Ka protons na-alaghachi na matrix site na ATP synthase, enzyme ahụ na-eme ka e guzobe ATP.

2. Metabolic ụzọ

Na mgbakwunye na mmepụta ATP, mitochondria na-etinye aka na ụzọ dị iche iche nke metabolic, gụnyere usoro citric acid (Krebs cycle) na fatty acid oxidation. Ụzọ ndị a na-emepụta ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'etiti dị mkpa maka usoro cellular ndị ọzọ, dị ka njikọ nke amino acid, nucleotides, na lipids.

3. Apoptosis

Mitochondria na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime usoro ọnwụ cell, ma ọ bụ apoptosis. N'oge apoptosis, mitochondria na-ahapụ cytochrome c na ihe ndị ọzọ pro-apoptotic n'ime cytoplasm, na-ebute usoro ihe omume na-eduga na ọnwụ cell. Usoro a dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe homeostasis cellular na iwepụ mkpụrụ ndụ mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ ọrịa.

4. Mitochondria na ahụike

Nyere isi ọrụ nke mitochondria na mmepụta ume na cellular metabolism, ọ bụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya na arụrụ ọrụ mitochondrial na-ejikọta ya na nsogbu ahụike dị iche iche. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ isi ebe mitochondria na-emetụta ahụike anyị:

5.Ịka nká

A na-eche na Mitochondria na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na usoro ịka nká. Ka oge na-aga, DNA mitochondrial na-akwakọba mmụgharị na agbụ ụgbọ njem elektrọn na-adịkwa nke ọma. Nke a na-eduga n'ịbawanye mmepụta nke ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS), nke na-emebi ihe ndị dị na cell ma na-enye aka na usoro ịka nká. A na-enyocha usoro iji kwalite ọrụ mitochondrial na ibelata nrụgide oxidative dị ka ihe mgbochi ịka nká nwere ike ime.

6. Ọrịa metabolic

A na-ejikọtakwa arụrụ arụ nke mitochondrial na nsogbu metabolic dị iche iche, gụnyere oke ibu, ọrịa shuga, na ọrịa obi. Ọrụ mitochondrial na-adịghị mma na-ebute mbelata mmepụta ume, ịba ụba nke nchekwa abụba, yana nguzogide insulin. Ịkwalite ọrụ mitochondrial site na usoro ndụ dị ka mmega ahụ na nri ahụike nwere ike inye aka belata ọnọdụ ndị a.

NADH, resveratrol, astaxanthin, coenzyme Q10, urolithin A, na spermidine bụ ihe mgbakwunye niile na-enweta nlebara anya nke ukwuu ma a bịa n'ịkwalite ahụike mitochondrial na mgbochi ịka nká. Agbanyeghị, mgbakwunye ọ bụla nwere usoro na uru pụrụ iche nke ya.

1. NADH

Isi ọrụ: NADH nwere ike ịmepụta NAD + nke ọma n'ime ahụ, yana NAD + bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime usoro nke metabolism ihe onwunwe na mmepụta ume mitochondrial.

Usoro mgbochi ịka nká: Site n'ịbawanye ọkwa NAD +, NADH nwere ike ịgbalite protein SIRT1 ogologo ndụ, gbanwee elekere ndu, rụọ ọrụ neurotransmitters, ma mezie usoro ụra. Na mgbakwunye, NADH nwere ike ịrụzi DNA mebiri emebi, guzogide oxidation, ma melite metabolism nke mmadụ, si otú ahụ nweta mmetụta zuru oke nke igbu oge ịka nká.

Uru: NASA na-amata ma na-akwado NADH maka ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe ka ha na-ahazi elekere ha, na-egosi ịdị irè ya na ngwa bara uru.

2. Astaxanthin

Isi ọrụ: Astaxanthin bụ red β-ionone mgbanaka carotenoid nwere oke antioxidant ọrụ.

Usoro mgbochi ịka nká: Astaxanthin nwere ike imenyụ ikuku oxygen na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, mebie radicals efu, ma nọgide na-arụ ọrụ mitochondrial site na ichekwa nguzozi mitochondrial redox. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-abawanye ọrụ nke superoxide dismutase na glutathione peroxidase.

Uru: Ike antioxidant nke astaxanthin bụ 6,000 ugboro vitamin C na 550 ugboro nke vitamin E, na-egosi ikike antioxidant siri ike.

3. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Isi ọrụ: Coenzyme Q10 bụ onye na-agbanwe ike maka cell mitochondria ma bụrụkwa ihe na-edozi ahụ nke na-egbochi ịka nká nke obodo ndị sayensị ghọtara.

Usoro mgbochi ịka nká: Coenzyme Q10 nwere ikike antioxidant siri ike, nke nwere ike ịbọ ọbọ free radicals ma nyere aka weghachite ọrụ antioxidant nke vitamin C na vitamin E nke oxidized. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ike inye oxygen na ume zuru oke na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara obi na mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ.

Uru: Coenzyme Q10 dị mkpa karịsịa na ahụike obi ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite mgbaàmà obi mgbawa na ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ na ụlọ ọgwụ na ndị ọrịa obi mgbawa.

4. Urolitin A (UA)

Isi ọrụ: Urolithin A bụ metabolite nke abụọ na-emepụta site na nje bacteria na-emepụta polyphenols.

Usoro mgbochi ịka nká: Urolithin A nwere ike mee ka sirtuins rụọ ọrụ, mụbaa NAD + na ike cellular, ma wepụ mitochondria mebiri emebi na akwara mmadụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara mmetụta mgbochi mkpali na mgbochi proliferative.

Uru: Urolithin A nwere ike ịgafe ihe mgbochi ụbụrụ ọbara ma nwee ike ịkwalite ọrịa metabolic na mgbochi ịka nká.

5. Spermidine

Uru ndị bụ isi: Spermidine bụ molekul sitere n'okike nke nje bacteria na-emepụta.

Usoro mgbochi ịka nká: Spermidine nwere ike ịkpalite mitophagy ma wepụ mitochondria adịghị mma na mebiri emebi. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ikike igbochi ọrịa obi na ịka nká nke nwanyị.

Uru: A na-ahụ spermidine nri nri n'ụdị nri dị iche iche, dị ka soy na ọka, ọ dịkwa mfe ịnweta.

Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. bụ ụlọ ọrụ FDA debanyere aha nke na-enye ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ dị elu na ịdị ọcha dị elu.

Na Suzhou Myland Pharm anyị na-agba mbọ ịnye ngwaahịa kachasị mma na ọnụ ahịa kacha mma. A na-anwale ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ mgbochi ịka nká nke ọma maka ịdị ọcha na ike, na-eme ka ha bụrụ nhọrọ zuru oke ma ịchọrọ ịkwado ahụike cellular, kwalite usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ma ọ bụ welie ahụike zuru oke.

Site na ahụmịhe afọ 30 na teknụzụ dị elu na atụmatụ R&D kachasị mma, Suzhou Myland Pharm ewepụtala ngwaahịa dị iche iche nke asọmpi wee bụrụ mgbakwunye sayensị ndụ ọhụrụ, njikọta omenala na ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta.

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