N'ụwa nke ahụike na ahụike, ndị mmadụ na-achọkarị ogige okike nke na-enye ọtụtụ uru. Acetyl zingerone bụ otu onyinye dị otú ahụ nke enwetala nlebara anya maka ihe ndị nwere ike ịkwalite ahụike. N'ịbụ nke sitere na ginger, acetyl zingerone bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-esi na mgbochi mkpali na mmetụta antioxidant na mgbu mgbu, nkwado digestive, neuroprotection na nkwado metabolic. Dika nyocha na-aga n'ihu na onyinye bioactive a, ma etinyere ya na mgbakwunye nri ma ọ bụ jiri ya na ngwa nri, uru dị ukwuu nke acetyl zingerone na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mgbakwunye bara uru na ngalaba ahụike eke.
Acetyl zingerone,ma ọ bụ acetyl zingerone, acetyl zingerone, wdg, nke akpọchiri dị ka AZ. Acetyl zingerone bụ mmepụta nke zingerone, ihe a na-ahụ na ginger. Ginger, aha sayensị Zingiber officinale, bụ osisi ifuru a na-akọ n'ọtụtụ ebe maka rhizomes ya, nke a na-ejikarị eme ngwa nri na ọgwụ. Gingerone bụ ihe mmalite nke acetyl zingerone, ihe okike phenolic nke na-enye ginger ísì na ụtọ ya pụrụ iche.
Usoro nke inwetaacetyl zingerone na-amalite site na mmịpụta nke zingerone na ginger rhizomes. Usoro mmịpụta a na-agụnye ịzọpịa ma ọ bụ igweri rhizomes iji hapụ ogige bioactive, na-esote ụzọ dị ka uzuoku distillation ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze iji kewapụ zingerone. Ozugbo enwetara zingerone, ọ nwere ike ịnweta acetylation, mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke na-ewebata otu acetyl na ogige ahụ, na-eme acetyl zingerone. Na mgbakwunye na nke sitere na ginger, acetyl zingerone nwekwara ike ịmepụta ya site na usoro kemịkalụ n'ime ụlọ nyocha.
Acetylation nke zingerone bụ nzọụkwụ dị oke egwu na mmepụta nke acetyl zingerone ka ọ na-eme ka nkwụsi ike na bioavailability nke ogige ahụ dịkwuo elu. Mmụba solubility nke acetyl zingerone na mmiri na lipids na-eme ka ahụ na-abanye ya ngwa ngwa. Mgbanwe a na-enyekwa aka n'ikike nke ogige ahụ iji mee ihe na ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere ọgwụ, nutraceuticals, na ihe ịchọ mma.
Mfụfụ bụ mmeghachi omume anụ ahụ na-eme maka mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa, ma mgbe ọ na-adịghị ala ala, ọ nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ahụike dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ọrịa obi, na ọbụna ọrịa cancer. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ ndị nwere ike inye aka ịchịkwa mbufụt, ha na-enwekarị mmetụta ndị na-achọghị.
Acetyl zingerone bụ ihe a na-enweta na ginger, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ mara maka ihe na-egbochi mkpali. Ọ bụ ihe mgbapụta nke zingerone, ihe mejupụtara nke na-enye ginger ụtọ na ísì ya pụrụ iche. Acetylzingerone abụwo isiokwu nke ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na-enyocha ike ya dị ka ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike maka mbufụt, nsonaazụ ya na-agba ume.
Otu nnyocha e bipụtara na Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry chọpụtara na acetyl zingerone dị irè n'ibelata mbufụt na ụdị òké nke colitis. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara na mbelata mmepụta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-akpata mkpali na mmụba nke ụmụ irighiri ihe mgbochi na eriri afọ ụmụ oke ejiri acetylzingerone mesoo. Nchoputa ndi a na-egosi na acetylzingerone nwere ike ibelata mbufụt na usoro digestive, nsogbu nke otutu ndi mmadu.
Nnyocha ọzọ e bipụtara na Journal of Natural Products nyochara mmetụta mgbochi mkpali nke acetyl zingerone na sel mmadụ. Ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara na acetylzingerone na-egbochi mmepụta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-egbuke egbuke n'ime sel, na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike ibelata mbufụt na ahụ mmadụ.
Na mgbakwunye na ihe mgbochi ya, acetyl zingerone egosikwara na ọ nwere mmetụta antioxidant. Antioxidants bụ ogige ndị na-enyere aka chebe ahụ pụọ na mmebi site na free radicals, nke bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe na-adịghị akwụsi ike nke nwere ike ịkpata mbufụt na nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ. Site na nkwụsịtụ free radicals, antioxidants nwere ike inye aka belata mbufụt ma kwado ahụike zuru oke.
Ọ bụ ezie na nchọpụta banyere acetylzingerone ka dị na mmalite ya, ihe nchoputa dị ugbu a na-ekwe nkwa. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi, Otú ọ dị, a chọrọ nyocha ọzọ iji ghọta nke ọma uru na nchekwa nke acetylzingerone maka iji mmadụ mee ihe.
N'ime ụwa nlekọta anụ ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile, a na-achọpụta ihe ọhụrụ na-eme nchọpụta mgbe niile. Acetyl zingerone bụ ihe na-eme ebili mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta anụ ahụ. Acetyl zingerone pụtara maka njirimara ya pụrụ iche: ikike ịsacha ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'efu, mmetụta mgbochi mkpali na mmetụta mgbochi akpụkpọ ahụ.
Acetyl zingerone bụ ihe sitere na zingiberone, ihe sitere n'okike dị na ginger. Ngwakọta ya dị mfe na nke doro anya na obere ihe dị arọ na-eme ka ọ dị mfe itinye uche, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru na mgbakwunye na usoro nlekọta anụ ahụ.
Mmetụta anti-oxidize:
AZ nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka antioxidant, onye na-emenyụ anụ ahụ, na chelator na-ahọrọ iji nyere aka jikwaa mmepụta ikuku oxygen na-emebiga ihe ókè (ROS) site n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Ọ nwere otu phenolic hydroxyl, nke nwere ike mepụta ụdị radical kwụsiri ike ozugbo site n'ịtufu atom hydrogen, na-egwu ọrụ antioxidant na mgbochi radical; ọ nwekwara ike imenyụ oxygen singlet na radicals ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-egbochi mbibi nke hydroxyl free radicals. ụdị.
Chebe DNA pụọ na mmebi UV:
AZ na-akwalite nchebe mgbe ekpughere UV kwụsịrị iji gbochie mmebi DNA epidermal metụtara mmepe nke ọrịa cancer anụ ahụ. Dị ka antioxidant na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, AZ nwere ike ijide ROS nke e guzobere site na steeti obi ụtọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche iche (EM) iji gbochie ha imebi akpụkpọ ahụ; na mgbakwunye, AZ na-eme dị ka onye na-ahọrọ chelator maka ígwè na ọla kọpa ion, na-egbochi hydroxyl free N'otu oge ahụ, AZ na-eme dị ka ihe dị irè anụ ahụ quencher na-emenyụ elu glycation ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa (AGEs), nke bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ike isi mmalite nke ROS. nhazi nke na-akpata nchekasị photooxidative na akpụkpọ ahụ.
Hazie ọrụ matriks:
AZ nwere ike iwelie nkwupụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa Notch ma belata mmepụta nke matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3 na MMP-12. Na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke matriks extracellular (ECM) n'ime dermis, nke na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-agbatị akpụkpọ ahụ na nkwụsi ike.
Ascorbic acid kwụsiri ike (Vitamin C) ihe na-ebute ụzọ:
AZ nwere ikike ịkwado ascorbic acid precursor tetrahexyldecylascorbate (THDC) na microenvironment dermal, na-abawanye bioavailability ya ma nwee ike ibelata mmetụta pro-inflammatory ya, dị ka ịgbalite ụdị I interferon akara. Ihe kacha adịkarịghị bụ na acetylsingerone nwere ezi photostability: tụnyere α-tocopherol (vitamin E), AZ nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ya Njirimara n'okpuru ultraviolet irradiation. N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ọkụ ahụ, vitamin E adịghị arụ ọrụ kpamkpam n'ime otu awa, ma acetyl zingerone nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ihe dịka 90% nke ọrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ịka nká, dị ka ihe ọṅụṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, na-anwụkarị mgbe ekpughere ya na ìhè, acetyl zingerone abụghị nanị na ọ naghị atụ egwu ọkụ, kama ọ pụkwara ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi ultraviolet. Ọ dabara nke ọma maka ojiji n'ụbọchị iji mejupụta enweghị ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ịka nká. ezughi oke.
Uru dị mkpa nke acetyl gingerone
1. Njirimara mgbochi mkpali
Ọfụma bụ mmeghachi omume ebumpụta ụwa nke ahụ maka mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa, ma mgbe ọ na-adị ala ala, ọ nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ahụike dị iche iche, dị ka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ọrịa obi, na ọbụna ọrịa cancer. Achọpụtala Acetyl zingerone ka ọ nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi mkpali na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ okike maka ọgwụgwọ nke mbufụt. Nnyocha na-egosi na acetyl zingerone na-egbochi mmepụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ pro-inflammatory, si otú ahụ na-ebelata mbufụt na ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara ya.
2. Mmetụta antioxidant
Ahụ na-egosipụta mgbe niile na nrụgide oxidative, nke nwere ike ime ka mmebi cell na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mmepe nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala. Acetyl zingerone bụ antioxidant siri ike nke na-emebi radicals n'efu ma na-echebe ahụ pụọ na mmebi oxidative. Site n'iwepụ ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ, acetyl zingerone na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike cell ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ndị metụtara nrụgide oxidative.
3. Wepụ ihe mgbu
Na omenala, a na-eji ginger eme ihe na-egbu mgbu, yana acetyl zingerone, nke sitere na ginger, nwekwara ihe na-ebelata mgbu. Nnyocha na-egosi na acetyl zingerone nwere ike gbanwee nghọta mgbu ma belata ahụ erughị ala, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọzọ e kere eke maka ịgwọ mgbu, karịsịa n'ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo na mgbu ahụ.
4. Nkwado digestive
A na-eji ginger kpọrọ ihe ogologo oge maka ikike ya ịkwado ahụike nri nri, na acetyl zingerone na-ekekwa ihe onwunwe a bara uru. A chọpụtala na ọ na-enyere aka mgbari nri site n'ịkwalite nzuzo nke enzymes digestive na ibelata ahụ erughị ala eriri afọ. Na mgbakwunye, acetyl zingerone nwere ike inye aka belata mgbaàmà nke ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụgwọ sitere n'okike bara uru maka nsogbu mgbaze.
5. Njirimara Neuroprotective
Ụbụrụ na-enwe ike imebi mmebi oxidative na mbufụt, nke nwere ike ibute ọrịa neurodegenerative dị ka Alzheimer na Parkinson. Acetyl zingerone egosila nkwa n'ichebe ụbụrụ site na ụdị mmebi a, na ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi mmetụta neuroprotective nwere ike ime. Site na ibelata nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt na ụbụrụ, acetyl zingerone nwere ike inye usoro nchebe megide mbelata ọgụgụ isi na ọrịa neurodegenerative.
6. Nkwado Metabolic
Ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike metabolism dị oké mkpa maka ahụ ike zuru ezu, na acetyl zingerone nwere ike inye aka na nkwado nke metabolic. Nnyocha na-egosi na acetyl zingerone na-enyere aka ịhazi ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara na imeziwanye mmetụta insulin, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa ọrịa shuga na ọrịa metabolic. Na mgbakwunye, acetyl zingerone nwere ike inye aka kwalite profaịlụ lipid dị mma, na-akwado ahụ ike metabolic.
Ngwa nke acetyl zingerone
Ọdịdị dị iche iche nke acetyl zingerone na-enyere aka itinye ya n'ime ụdị ngwaahịa na ngwa dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke acetyl zingerone bụ ihe mgbakwunye nri, ebe mgbakwunye ya nwere ike ịkwado ahụike na ọdịmma zuru oke. Njirimara antioxidant ya na mgbochi mkpali na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mgbakwunye bara uru na usoro ndị e mere iji kwalite ọrụ mgbochi ma belata mbufụt.
Acetyl zingerone na-abanyekwa na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta anụ ahụ, ebe a na-erigbu uru ọ nwere maka ahụike anụ ahụ. Site na ude mgbochi ịka nká na serum na lotions, a na-eji ihe a dị ike na-enyere aka ịlụso mmetụta nke nrụgide oxidative ọgụ ma kwalite ọdịdị ntorobịa.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-enyocha acetyl zingerone maka ngwa ndị nwere ike ime na ụlọ ọrụ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ. Ikike ya ịkwado ahụike nri nri na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ekwe nkwa maka ngwaahịa ndị e mere iji kwalite ahụ ike nke eriri afọ, ebe ihe ndị na-emepụta antioxidant na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru na mgbakwunye nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ na-arụ ọrụ.
Na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, a na-amụ acetyl zingerone maka ngwa ọgwụgwọ nwere ike. Ihe ndị na-egbochi ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-emepe emepe maka ịmepụta ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ọrịa ndị na-egbuke egbuke, na-enye ndị na-arịa ọrịa ndị dị otú ahụ olileanya.
Agafeela ụbọchị ị maghị ebe ị ga-azụta mgbakwunye gị. Ọgba aghara na ọgba aghara n'oge ahụ dị adị. Ị ga-esi n'ụlọ ahịa gaa n'ụlọ ahịa, gaa na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, na-ajụ maka mgbakwunye ọkacha mmasị gị. Ihe kacha njọ nwere ike ime bụ ịgagharị ụbọchị niile ma ghara inweta ihe ị chọrọ. Nke ka njọ, ọ bụrụ na ịnweta ngwaahịa a, ọ ga-adị gị ka a manyere gị ịzụrụ ngwaahịa ahụ.
Taa, e nwere ọtụtụ ebe ị nwere ike ịzụta acetyl zingerone ntụ ntụ. Ekele maka ịntanetị, ị nwere ike ịzụta ihe ọ bụla na-enweghị ọbụna ịhapụ ụlọ gị. Ịdị n'ịntanetị ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka ọrụ gị dịkwuo mfe, ọ na-emekwa ka ahụmịhe ịzụ ahịa gị dịkwuo mma. Ị nwekwara ohere ịgụkwu gbasara mgbakwunye a dị ịtụnanya tupu ị kpebie ịzụta ya.
Enwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ere ahịa n'ịntanetị taa na ọ nwere ike isiri gị ike ịhọrọ nke kacha mma. Ihe ị kwesịrị ịma bụ na mgbe ha niile ga-ekwe nkwa ọla edo, ọ bụghị ha niile ga-anapụta.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịzụta acetyl zingerone ntụ ntụ na nnukwu, ị nwere ike ịdabere na anyị mgbe niile. Anyị na-enye ihe mgbakwunye kachasị mma nke ga-eweta nsonaazụ. Nye iwu site na Suzhou Myland taa wee malite njem gị maka ahụike dị mma.
1. Nkwenye mma na asambodo
Mmesi obi ike dị oke mkpa mgbe ị na-ahọrọ onye nrụpụta acetylzingerone. Chọọ ndị nrụpụta na-agbaso usoro njikwa mma siri ike ma nwee asambodo dị mkpa dị ka ISO, GMP ma ọ bụ HACCP. Asambodo ndị a na-egosi ntinye aka nke onye nrụpụta n'ịmepụta ngwaahịa dị elu yana ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, jụọ maka usoro nnwale nke onye nrụpụta yana ụkpụrụ mmesi obi ike iji hụ na ịdị ọcha na ike nke acetylzingerone dị.
2. Nnyocha na aha
Tupu gị na ndị nrụpụta ọ bụla rụọ ọrụ, mee nyocha nke ọma gbasara aha ya na ndekọ egwu ya. Chọọ maka nyocha, akaebe, na ọmụmụ ihe sitere n'aka ndị ahịa ndị ọzọ iji tụọ ntụkwasị obi na arụmọrụ onye nrụpụta. Onye nrụpụta ama ama ga-enwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke inye ngwaahịa dị elu mgbe niile yana ọrụ ndị ahịa mara mma. Na mgbakwunye, tụlee ahụmịhe nke onye nrụpụta n'imepụta acetylzingerone yana nka ha na njikwa ihe achọrọ maka ụlọ ọrụ gị.
3. Nhazi na nhazi ikike
Ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla nwere ihe pụrụ iche chọrọ maka nhazi acetylzingerone. Ma ịchọrọ itinye uche kpọmkwem, nha urughuru, ma ọ bụ nhazi, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ onye nrụpụta nwere ike hazie ngwaahịa iji zute nkọwa gị. Soro ndị nrụpụta kparịta mkpa gị kpọmkwem wee jụọ maka ikike imepụta ha, nka nka, na njikere ịnabata ihe ndị a chọrọ. Ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịhazi ngwaahịa ha na ihe ị chọrọ nwere ike inye azụmahịa gị uru asọmpi.
4. Agbụ ọkọnọ na ngwa agha
Ijikwa usoro ọkọnọ nke ọma na ngwa ngwa bụ isi ihe ị ga-atụle mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ndị na-emepụta acetyl zingerone. Nyochaa ike mmepụta nke onye nrụpụta, oge nnyefe, yana ikike iji gboo oke ihe ị chọrọ. Ọzọkwa, tụlee ike mbupu na nnyefe ha, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ mbupu mba ụwa. Onye nrụpụta a pụrụ ịdabere na ya kwesịrị ịnwe netwọọkụ ọkọnọ siri ike yana ikike imezu iwu n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, na-eme ka ị nweta acetyl zingiberone kwụsiri ike ma na-aga n'ihu maka azụmahịa gị.
5. Nrube isi na akwụkwọ
Ekwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ nchịkwa na akwụkwọ chọrọ mgbe ị na-enweta acetylsingone site na ndị nrụpụta. Jide n'aka na onye nrụpụta na-agbaso ụkpụrụ na ntuziaka niile dị mkpa nke ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ gị setịpụrụ. Rịọ dọkụmentị dị ka asambodo nyocha, mpempe data nchekwa, na asambodo nnabata usoro iji chọpụta na ndị nrụpụta na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ogo na nchekwa. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ebute ụzọ nrube isi n'usoro iwu na-egosipụta nraranye ha n'ịmepụta ngwaahịa dị mma na nke na-akwado.
Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. etinyela aka na azụmaahịa mgbakwunye nri na-edozi ahụ kemgbe 1992. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na China na-emepụta ma na-ere ahịa mpụta mkpụrụ vine.
Site na ahụmịhe afọ 30 na teknụzụ dị elu na atụmatụ R&D kachasị mma, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ewepụtala ngwaahịa dị iche iche nke asọmpi wee bụrụ mgbakwunye sayensị ndụ ọhụrụ, njikọta omenala na ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta.
Na mgbakwunye, Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. bụkwa onye nrụpụta FDA debanyere aha. Akụrụngwa R&D nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, akụrụngwa mmepụta na ngwa nyocha bụ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ yana ọtụtụ ọrụ ma nwee ike imepụta kemịkalụ site na milligrams ruo tọn n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀, ma na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ISO 9001 na nkọwapụta GMP.
Q: Gịnị bụ acetyl zingerone na kedu ka esi enweta ya?
A: Acetyl zingerone bụ ngwakọta sitere na zingerone, nke dị na ginger. Emere ya site na usoro nke gụnyere acetylation nke zingerone.
Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ uru nke acetyl zingerone?
A: A mụọla Acetyl zingerone maka ihe nwere ike igbochi mkpali, antioxidant na mgbochi ọrịa kansa. Ọ nwekwara ike ịnwe ngwa n'ịkwalite ahụike mgbari nri na ijikwa mgbu.
Ajụjụ: Enwere mmetụta ọ bụla mara ama ma ọ bụ nchegbu nchekwa metụtara acetyl zingerone?
A: Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere acetyl zingerone dị mma maka oriri, ọ dị mkpa iji ya mee ihe n'ókè. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ma ọ bụ ahụ erughị ala mgbari mgbe ị na-eri nnukwu ego nke acetyl zingerone.
Disclaimer: Edemede a bụ naanị maka ozi izugbe na e kwesịghị ịkọwa ya dị ka ndụmọdụ ahụike ọ bụla. Ụfọdụ ozi biputere blọọgụ na-abịa site na ịntanetị na ọ bụghị ọkachamara. Webụsaịtị a na-ahụ maka nhazi, nhazi na idezi akụkọ. Ebumnuche nke ibuga ozi ndị ọzọ apụtaghị na ị kwenyere n'echiche ya ma ọ bụ kwado na ọdịnaya ya bụ eziokwu. Gakwuru onye ọkachamara ahụike mgbe niile tupu i jiri mgbakwunye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ mee mgbanwe na usoro nlekọta ahụike gị.
Oge nzipu: Jul-31-2024
